Introduction to Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a prevalent health concern among women worldwide, and India is no exception. In the country’s tech hub, Bangalore, many women are confronted with the challenges posed by this disease. Early detection and access to quality treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the breast tissue. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast start to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumour. Oncologist in chennai work closely with radiologists and pathologists to interpret imaging tests (mammograms, ultrasounds, MRIs) and biopsy results to confirm the presence of this cancer and determine its type and stage.
Breast cancer can affect both men and women, but it is much more common in women. According to the World Health Organization, this cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. In India, breast cancer accounts for nearly 25-32% of all cancers in women, making it a significant public health concern.
Factors for Breast Cancer
This cancer can occur in different parts of the breast, including the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal cancers) or the glands that produce milk (lobular cancers). It can also occur in other breast tissues, though this is less common. Several factors can increase a person’s risk of developing cancer, including:
- Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as women get older, with the majority of cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
- Genetic factors: Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can significantly increase the risk of this cancer.
- Family history: Having a close blood relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with this cancer can increase a person’s risk.
- Reproductive factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase cancer risk.
- Lifestyle factors: Factors such as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity may contribute to an increased risk of cancer.
Understanding Breast Cancer Symptoms
Early detection is key when it comes to breast cancer. Being aware of the potential signs and symptoms can lead to timely diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes. Some common symptoms to watch out for include:
- Lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area
- Changes in breast size or shape
- Dimpling or puckering of the breast skin
- Nipple retraction or discharge
- Redness or scaliness of the breast skin
It is essential to perform regular self-examinations and attend regular mammograms, especially for women over the age of 40 or those with a family history of breast cancer.
Types of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a complex disease that can be classified into several types based on the characteristics of the cancer cells and their behaviour. Understanding the specific type of cancer is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment approach.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)
Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. This type of cancer begins in the milk ducts of the breast and has the potential to spread (invade) beyond the duct into the surrounding breast tissue.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)
Invasive lobular carcinoma originates in the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands of the breast. While less common than IDC, ILC can also spread to other parts of the breast and potentially metastasize to other organs.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Ductal carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive form of breast cancer, meaning the abnormal cells are confined to the milk ducts and have not spread to surrounding breast tissue. DCIS is considered a pre-cancerous condition and early intervention can prevent it from developing into invasive cancer.
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)
Lobular carcinoma in situ is a condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast. While LCIS is not considered true breast cancer, it increases the risk of developing invasive cancer in the future.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype that lacks the receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 proteins. This type of breast cancer is more challenging to treat and often requires a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies.
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER2-positive is characterized by an overexpression of the HER2 protein, which promotes the growth and spread of cancer cells. This type of breast cancer is typically more aggressive but can be effectively treated with targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), in addition to other treatments.
Understanding the specific type of cancer is crucial for developing an effective treatment plan and improving patient outcomes. At Cytecare Cancer Hospital, a multidisciplinary team of experts carefully evaluates each patient’s case to determine the most appropriate diagnostic and treatment approach tailored to their individual needs.
Treatment Options in Chennai
Bangalore is home to several renowned cancer treatment facilities that offer comprehensive care for these cancer patients. These centres employ a multidisciplinary approach, combining the expertise of oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and other specialists to develop personalized treatment plans.
- Surgery:
Depending on the stage and type of breast cancer, surgery may involve conserving procedures (lumpectomy) or complete removal of the breast (mastectomy).
- Radiation Therapy:
This treatment uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells, often prescribed after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy:
Powerful chemotherapy drugs are administer intravenously or orally to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body.
- Targeted Therapy:
These innovative treatments target specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth, offering a more personalized approach.
- Hormone Therapy:
For certain types of this cancer that are hormone receptor-positive, hormone therapy can block or regulate hormones that promote cancer growth.
Renowned Cancer Centers in Bangalore:
- Cytecare Cancer Hospital Bangalore
- HCG Hospital Bangalore
- Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Narayana Health Cancer Care
- Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center (Narayana Health City)
Support Services and Resources
Battling this cancer is not just a physical struggle; it also takes an emotional and psychological toll on patients and their loved ones. Fortunately, Bangalore offers various support services and resources to help individuals navigate this challenging journey.
Cancer Support Groups:
Organizations like CanSupport, CanKids, and Sambhaav provide support groups where patients and caregivers can share their experiences, seek emotional support, and receive guidance.
Counselling and Therapy:
Many cancer centres in Bangalore offer professional counselling and therapy services to help patients cope with the emotional and psychological impacts of breast cancer.
Nutritional Guidance:
Proper nutrition is crucial during cancer treatment. Several centres provide nutritional counselling to assist patients in maintaining a balanced diet.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is a formidable challenge. But with early detection, access to quality treatment, and a strong support system, many women in Chennai can navigate this journey with hope and resilience. By staying informed about symptoms, and exploring the city’s comprehensive cancer care resources. They utilizing the available support services, patients and their loved ones can face this cancer with courage and determination. Together, we can raise awareness, promote early screening, and provide the necessary support to those affected by this disease.
